Wednesday, July 15, 2020

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YouTube Rippers Request Full Rehearing of Jurisdiction Case at Appeals Court
Ernesto Van der Sar, 15 Jul 10:04 PM

flvtoRecord labels see YouTube rippers as the most significant piracy threat on the Internet.

These sites, which can be used for a variety of purposes, are used by some to convert YouTube videos into playable music files.

Labels Sue YouTube Rippers

Two years ago a group of prominent music companies took the operator of two of the largest YouTube rippers to court. The labels, including Universal, Warner Bros, and Sony, accused FLVTO.biz and 2conv.com of facilitating copyright infringement.

Tofig Kurbanov, the Russian operator of the site, disagreed and fought back with a motion to dismiss. He argued that the Virginia federal court lacked personal jurisdiction as he operated the sites from abroad and didn't target or interact with US users.

The district court agreed with this assessment. In a verdict released early last year, it dismissed the case. The court carefully reviewed how the sites operated and found no evidence that they purposefully targeted either Virginia or the United States.

The music companies were disappointed with this outcome and appealed the verdict, with success. Last month, Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit sent the matter back to the district court, concluding that Kurbanov purposefully conducted business in the US and specifically targeted US visitors.

YouTube Rippers Want a Full Rehearing

By sending the case back, the district court will have to reconsider the jurisdiction challenges in full. However, Kurbanov and his legal team don't want it to get that far. A few days ago, they petitioned the appeals court for a rehearing en banc.

Kurbanov's attorney, Evan Fray-Witzer, previously told us that the appeal decision would set a "horrible precedent" that would impact all foreign site operators. This concern is also repeated in the new petition, which highlights several key issues.

According to the defense team, the appeal court's decision goes against previous rulings and warrants reconsideration.

"The panel's decision – specifically the finding that personal jurisdiction could be premised on the Websites' failure to geoblock visitors from the U.S. (and allowing advertising brokers to geotarget visitors) – is an issue of exceptional importance," the petition reads.

Dangerous Geoblocking Precedent

Kurbanov's legal team mentions, among other things, the 'Triple Up' case where a D.C. circuit court upheld a district court ruling on a similar jurisdiction issue.

"The district court's opinion there warned that accepting Plaintiff's geoblocking argument would result in a 'sea change in the law of internet personal jurisdiction,' that would be 'at odds with existing personal jurisdiction principles'," the petition warns.

"If allowed to stand, the panel's decision here would effectuate precisely the 'sea change' warned of. If this Court truly intends to effectuate a wholesale change in the law of personal jurisdiction, it should be done by the full court."

In addition, the defense team also cites other cases that appear to go against the appeal court's conclusions. This includes the relevancy of the location of the servers and the availability of a registered DMCA agent.

"The panel's holding finding jurisdictionally relevant the fact that the websites named a DMCA agent is in conflict with decisions from this circuit, other federal circuits, and the Supreme Court, all of which have held that the appointment of an agent for service of process is irrelevant," they write.

Visitor Numbers Don't Show the Full Picture

The record labels had previously highlighted the high number of US visitors to the stream ripper sites. However, according to the defense team, this isn't the full picture, as US visitors are still a small minority. In addition, not all US visitors use the sites to rip music.

"Ultimately, the raw number of visitors to the Websites from Virginia and the U.S. is irrelevant as it does not speak to claim-related contacts with the forum."

In its decision, the appeals court also hinted that – given changes in technology – it may be time to reconsider the "Zippo approach" to jurisdiction issues. A rehearing would be ideal for that, the defense argues.

Based on these and a variety of other arguments, Kurbanov requests the appeals court to grant a rehearing en banc. That would effectively mean a do-over of the appeal before the full court, instead of a small panel of three judges.

A copy of Kurbanov's petition for a rehearing en banc is available here (pdf)

From: TF, for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.

The Pirate Bay: OVPN Wins First Stage of Information Injunction Battle
Andy Maxwell, 15 Jul 11:26 AM

The Pirate BayMovie companies Svensk Filmindustri and Nordisk Film are on a mission to find out more about the operators and location of The Pirate Bay.

After obtaining an injunction against Swedish ISP Obenetwork, it later transpired that an IP address used by The Pirate Bay was actually owned by VPN provider OVPN. After the first injunction was thrown out, the companies and anti-piracy partner Rights Alliance filed for another, this time targeting OVPN.

As promised, OVPN is putting up a fight in court on several fronts, arguing that as a no-logs provider it has no information to hand over and since it isn't an ISP, it doesn't have to log anyway.

Despite all of this, the application for injunction requested "security measures", demanding that OVPN should face financial penalties if it deleted information showing who was using the IP address in question at a specified time, their name and address, how long they had used the service, and how much money was paid.

Earlier this month, both parties made submissions to the court arguing their positions.

Arguments Made by the Movie Companies and Rights Alliance

"By providing the relevant service, OVPN are part of the group of actors that are obliged to disclose information in accordance with Section 53c of the Copyright Act, regardless of whether it is defined as an electronic communications service or other service used in the intrusion or infringement," their submission reads.

The applicants also noted comments made by Obenetwork in the failed injunction, where the ISP stated that the requirement to log data lies not with them, but with the service provider closest to the end customer. According to the movie companies, Obnetwork pointed the finger towards OVPN.

"It is of particular importance that the security measure be approved, as it is unclear how long the defendant will save the data and there is a risk that the data will be lost, which would mean that the applicants would suffer irreparable damage and lose the opportunity to investigate the current intrusion," they continued.

OVPN's Arguments in Response

"The basic and absolutely crucial objection to the request for security measures (and the information injunction) is still that OVPN does not have the current information," the company informed the court.

"The applicants now appear to admit that OVPN's provision of VPN services do not in themselves constitute an electronic communications service, with a storage obligation according to law. The applicants argue, however, that OVPN's services would be covered by 'other service' within the meaning of the law in question."

OVPN contests this definition by the applicants, noting that just because Obenetwork identified itself as the wrong party to approach for information in the first instance, that doesn't constitute evidence of OVPN being the right party. Furthermore, even though OVPN is an LIR (local internet registry) with IP addresses assigned to it, that doesn't automatically make it an 'Internet operator'.

"The European organization RIPE allocates IP addresses to its members. Among the Swedish members of RIPE are the National Agency for Education, Special Pedagogical School Unit, the e-health authority, several Swedish municipalities and municipal companies, universities, etc, which are obviously not Internet operators either," the provider explained.

Finally, OVPN comes back to perhaps the main point undermining the application for "security measures" safeguarding the storage of information related to the IP address in question, allegedly used by The Pirate Bay. This data cannot be deleted since it does not exist, so any "security measure" to preserve it would be ineffective.

Judgment of the Court on the Application For Security Measures

The court begins by referencing Section 53c of the Copyright Act which states that if an applicant has shown that a copyright infringement has been committed, a court can order a person who, on a commercial scale, has provided a service that has been used infringe, to provide information related to that infringement.

In cases of particular importance, a court can weigh the interests of the parties and if required, order proportionate security/precautionary measures to be put in place until the case has been decided. In this matter, however, the court notes that OVPN says it has no data to preserve and the applicants have provided no evidence to the contrary.

"The precautionary measure demanded by the applicants is that the court should prohibit OVPN from destroying the information referred to in the information injunction. The applicants' request is thus an achievement which, according to what the investigation preliminarily shows, is impossible for OVPN perform, ie. to refrain from destroying information that the company does not have access to," the court notes.

"In the light of the foregoing, the court considers that overall it does not appear there are circumstances of particular importance which give rise to a decision on a security measure. The application for security measures must therefore be rejected."

The decision against imposing security measures and associated penalties was welcomed by OVPN's David Wibergh.

"Rights Alliance has three weeks to appeal if they desire. If not, we'll move on to the information request," he told TorrentFreak.

Whether Rights Alliance will appeal the decision is unclear but the notion of imposing penalties on a company for deleting data that it doesn't have seems counterintuitive at the very least. With that in mind, the pending demand for disclosing that data under an information injunction might also prove less than straightforward.

From: TF, for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.

 
 
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