In recent months there has been a notable increase in publicised anti-piracy actions against services offering manga content. Publishers have pressured a range of sites, hoping to shut down or at least make life more difficult for these hugely popular platforms.
Among the targets was MandaDex, a so-called 'scanlation' platform that offers scanned and translated manga publications to an audience underserved by publishers offering restricted foreign language output. The site first reported domain issues and then revealed that its donation processing mechanism had also come under fire, a popular strategy among certain anti-piracy groups.
In the wake of our report, TorrentFreak spoke with an individual in charge of server administration for several scanlation groups including Mangazuki.co, MangaSushi.net, and LHTranslation.net. At least two of these sites process around three million requests per day, according to traffic reports shared with TF.
The source shared information that shows aggressive correspondence received from anti-piracy company RemoveYourMedia, including threats to target a PayPal account and instructions to either remove content or face being "disappeared" from search engines.
"We initially dismissed these emails as being spam, or most likely just some extortion scheme. However, the PayPal account that was listed publicly for donations has been taken down by a DMCA claim from VIZ," our source revealed.
Documents sent by PayPal and reviewed by TF reveal the payment processor warning the LHT scanlation platform that it had received complaints from VIZ Media LLC and that certain actions needed to be taken, including the deletion of many URLs, in order to comply with PayPal's acceptable use policy. The necessary action was taken and the PayPal account was restored. The groups also took the decision to remove all VIZ Media content from their sites.
Publisher VIZ Media has been at war with manga sites for many years and it was this publisher that recently targeted MangaDex, among others. However, the takedown demands against scanlation sites aren't always cut and dried and in many cases don't meet the accepted standards in respect of the DMCA.
"The stuff [LHTranslation] was hosting wasn't a direct copy of VIZ's work. In fact, it was a fan translation, and we had never received a proper DMCA takedown request. We're quite certain extortion doesn't count as a valid DMCA complaint," our source added.
In broad terms, these scanlation platforms say they have to deal with three types of people filing complaints. The first group is labeled "DMCA trolls" and described as people who don't hold any rights or licenses but file DMCA takedowns regardless.
"We've had those emails fly past every once in a while, with poorly worded 'demands' as well. Because we receive them every once in a while, we kind of assumed the email [threat sent on behalf of VIZ Media] was among them," the server admin said.
Interestingly, the second category – genuine copyright holders who send proper DMCA notices – apparently aren't an issue. There are no objections to these claims, content is taken down and users are directed to where the original material can be purchased instead.
However, those in the final category appear to be the greatest irritant, both in volume terms and the nature of the claims.
"The third kind, and sadly the one we see the most, are those that take our translations and file a claim on our content. Essentially if torrent leeches were to file complaints after leeching the content," our source complained.
Faced with such issues, the server admin says that the groups he deals with have all moved to so-called 'bulletproof' hosting, not because they want to ignore the DMCA but to avoid the DMCA being abused as a weapon. In fact, the groups don't appear averse to working with license holders to reach the goal of delivering manga to the public in English so it can be enjoyed by currently underserved fans.
All in all, however, it's a time-consuming process.
After the raw manga images are obtained by the scanlation groups, members are tasked with translating the comics into English while others tidy up the Japanese, Korean, and Chinese text. Further fine-tuning then takes place including re-drawing some pages, applying proper fonts, and putting pages through a final editing process. After a quality control procedure, content is then released on the scanlation sites.
"After we've released a chapter on our own site, other people take our releases and re-upload them to aggregator sites, like MangaDex, spreading them to the wider masses," our source revealed.
"Both our goal, and that of MangaDex in this process isn't to make money, however. Most of this work is done free of charge. We're all doing this because we simply love reading mangas and want to bring these series to the West. So other people can enjoy them and in the hope that English publishers see the demand for a certain series and pick them up for official translation.
"This is also why we always tell our readers to support the official releases and creators. And the reason why MangaDex points to the buy pages of both the official English prints and in some cases the Japanese prints. Because of all this, we often don't see ourselves as pirates, but just as fans, as our goal is to simply make series accessible to others," the source concluded.
If we take these claims on face value, there appears to be a fairly straightforward way to make progress and counter the perceived scanlation 'threat'. By making translated content available officially, these groups would not only be out of a 'job' but manga could also reach a wider audience, presumably alongside increased revenue.
That sounds a little more progressive than shouty emails and having PayPal accounts shut down.
Source: TF, for the latest info on copyright, file-sharing, torrent sites and more. We also have VPN reviews, discounts, offers and coupons.
Earlier this week we reported that the number of leaked screeners was 
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